References

In one study only 42% of male lifelong smokers reached the age of 73 compared to 78% of nonsmokers

1. Oral presentation by David Halpin. Perceived safety of nicotine replacement products among general practitioners in the UK: impact on utilisation. British Thoracic Society Winter meeting, 7–9 December 2005

2. Benowitz Nl. Summary: Risks and Benefits of nicotine. Nicotine Safety and Toxicity; p 185–195 NY: OUP

3. Hoffman and Hoffman. The Changing Cigarette, 1950–1995. Journal of Toxicity and Environmental Health 1997; 50: 307 – 64

4. Percival J. Clearing the air 2. Smoking and tobacco control - an updated guide for nurses. London: Royal College of Nursing 2002

5. Nicotine Misconceptions in UK Smoking. Research undertaken by TNS. August 2004

6. Action on Smoking and Health: the case for commissioning smoking cessation services, WHO Europe Partnership project and Smoke Free London, July 2001.